NCERT Book Class 10th SCIENCE MCQ
Chapter 8 : Heredity and Evolution
Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) with Answers
1. Which plant did Mendel select for his experiments?
a) Wheat
b) Pea
c) Rice
d) Corn
Answer: b) Pea
2. How many traits did Mendel study?
a) 5
b) 7
c) 10
d) 12
Answer: b) 7
3. The gene form that expresses its effect is called:
a) Dominant
b) Recessive
c) Mutation
d) Hybrid
Answer: a) Dominant
4. “Hybridization” means:
a) Combining two organisms of the same species
b) Combining different species
c) Change in genes
d) Mutation
Answer: a) Combining two organisms of the same species
5. What type of traits appear in the F₁ generation offspring?
a) Only dominant
b) Only recessive
c) Both dominant and recessive
d) None
Answer: a) Only dominant
6. In humans, sex is determined by:
a) Father’s chromosomes
b) Mother’s chromosomes
c) Both parents’ chromosomes
d) Environment
Answer: a) Father’s chromosomes
7. What is the sex chromosome of a human female?
a) XY
b) XX
c) YY
d) XO
Answer: b) XX
8. Who proposed the theory of evolution?
a) Mendel
b) Darwin
c) Lamarck
d) Hooke
Answer: b) Darwin
9. The principle of “Natural Selection” is associated with:
a) Mendel
b) Darwin
c) Lamarck
d) Pasteur
Answer: b) Darwin
10. Fossils are evidence of:
a) Biological evolution
b) Heredity
c) Mutation
d) Hybridization
Answer: a) Biological evolution
11. The correct sequence of human evolution is:
a) Homo sapiens → Homo habilis → Homo erectus
b) Homo habilis → Homo erectus → Homo sapiens
c) Homo erectus → Homo habilis → Homo sapiens
d) Homo sapiens → Homo erectus → Homo habilis
Answer: b) Homo habilis → Homo erectus → Homo sapiens
12. Where did Darwin conduct his studies?
a) Amazon rainforest
b) Galapagos Islands
c) Antarctica
d) Himalayas
Answer: b) Galapagos Islands
13. An example of homologous organs is:
a) Human hand and bat wing
b) Bird wing and insect wing
c) Horse leg and dog leg
d) Fish fin and butterfly wing
Answer: a) Human hand and bat wing
14. An example of analogous organs is:
a) Human hand and bat wing
b) Bird wing and butterfly wing
c) Horse leg and dog leg
d) Fish fin and dolphin fin
Answer: b) Bird wing and butterfly wing
15. Which is called a “living fossil”?
a) Dinosaur
b) Tortoise
c) Trilobite
d) Coelacanth
Answer: d) Coelacanth
16. What is mutation?
a) Change in genes
b) Change in chromosome number
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None
Answer: c) Both (a) and (b)
17. According to Darwin, natural selection is based on:
a) Adaptation
b) Mutation
c) Hybridization
d) Variation
Answer: a) Adaptation
18. Elephant’s long tusks are an example of:
a) Homologous organs
b) Vestigial organs
c) Adaptation
d) Mutation
Answer: c) Adaptation
19. The human tailbone is an example of:
a) Homologous organs
b) Vestigial organs
c) Analogous organs
d) Mutation
Answer: b) Vestigial organs
20. “Survival of the Fittest” is the principle of:
a) Mendel
b) Darwin
c) Lamarck
d) Haeckel
Answer: b) Darwin
21. CBSE 2020: Which trait did Mendel find dominant in the F₁ generation?
a) Tall plant
b) Dwarf plant
c) Yellow seeds
d) Green seeds
Answer: a) Tall plant
22. MP Board 2019: The full form of DNA is:
a) Deoxyribonucleic Acid
b) Dinitrogen Acid
c) Dioxyribonucleic Acid
d) Dioxynucleic Acid
Answer: a) Deoxyribonucleic Acid
23. UP Board 2018: New traits in organisms arise due to:
a) Adaptation
b) Mutation
c) Hybridization
d) Reproduction
Answer: b) Mutation
24. Bihar Board 2021: Mendel’s laws are related to:
a) Heredity
b) Evolution
c) Fossils
d) Cell division
Answer: a) Heredity
25. CBSE 2019: Analogous organs indicate:
a) Common ancestry
b) Different ancestry
c) Mutation
d) Adaptation
Answer: b) Different ancestry
26. What is Mendel’s first law called?
a) Law of Independent Assortment
b) Law of Segregation
c) Law of Dominance
d) Law of Hybridization
Answer: b) Law of Segregation
27. What is the phenotypic ratio (Tall:Dwarf) in the F₂ generation?
a) 1:1
b) 3:1
c) 2:1
d) 4:1
Answer: b) 3:1
28. If a hybrid plant (Tt) self-pollinates, what percentage of dwarf plants will be in the F₂ generation?
a) 25%
b) 50%
c) 75%
d) 100%
Answer: a) 25%
29. Which trait did Mendel find recessive in the F₁ generation?
a) Tall plant
b) Dwarf plant
c) Yellow seeds
d) Round seeds
Answer: b) Dwarf plant
30. What is the genotype of a “hybrid” plant?
a) TT
b) tt
c) Tt
d) TT or tt
Answer: c) Tt
31. What is the sex chromosome of a human male?
a) XX
b) XY
c) YY
d) XO
Answer: b) XY
32. Which chromosome determines sex?
a) X chromosome
b) Y chromosome
c) Both
d) None
Answer: b) Y chromosome
33. If a child receives X from father and X from mother, what will be the sex?
a) Male
b) Female
c) Hermaphrodite
d) Undetermined
Answer: b) Female
34. CBSE 2021: Human sex determination depends on:
a) Mother’s chromosomes
b) Father’s chromosomes
c) Both parents’ chromosomes
d) Environment
Answer: b) Father’s chromosomes
35. MP Board 2020: Turner syndrome is caused by which chromosomal abnormality?
a) XXY
b) XO
c) XXX
d) XYY
Answer: b) XO
36. In which book did Darwin present “Natural Selection”?
a) Origin of Species
b) The Voyage of the Beagle
c) The Descent of Man
d) The Double Helix
Answer: a) Origin of Species
37. Who proposed “Survival of the Fittest”?
a) Mendel
b) Darwin
c) Lamarck
d) Huxley
Answer: b) Darwin
38. UP Board 2019: Fossils are evidence of:
a) Heredity
b) Biological evolution
c) Mutation
d) Hybridization
Answer: b) Biological evolution
39. Wings of birds and bats are examples of:
a) Homologous organs
b) Analogous organs
c) Vestigial organs
d) Adaptation
Answer: a) Homologous organs
40. Bihar Board 2020: Who proposed “Inheritance of Acquired Characters”?
a) Darwin
b) Mendel
c) Lamarck
d) Watson
Answer: c) Lamarck
41. What can cause mutation?
a) Radiation
b) Chemicals
c) UV rays
d) All
Answer: d) All
42. CBSE 2022: According to Darwin, diversity in organisms is due to:
a) Natural selection
b) Mutation
c) Hybridization
d) Adaptation
Answer: b) Mutation
43. MP Board 2021: DDT resistance in mosquitoes is an example of:
a) Natural selection
b) Adaptation
c) Mutation
d) Hybridization
Answer: a) Natural selection
44. UP Board 2020: The human appendix is an example of:
a) Homologous organs
b) Vestigial organs
c) Analogous organs
d) Adaptation
Answer: b) Vestigial organs
45. Bihar Board 2019: Which bird did Darwin study?
a) Peacock
b) Finch
c) Pigeon
d) Owl
Answer: b) Finch
46. CBSE 2018: What is the structure of DNA?
a) Spiral (Double Helix)
b) Linear
c) Circular
d) Branched
Answer: a) Spiral (Double Helix)
47. MP Board 2019: In which year did Mendel publish his experiments?
a) 1856
b) 1865
c) 1900
d) 1920
Answer: b) 1865
48. UP Board 2021: Which is called a “living fossil”?
a) Dinosaur
b) Coelacanth
c) Trilobite
d) Dodo
Answer: b) Coelacanth
49. Bihar Board 2020: Mendel’s laws apply to which organism?
a) Humans
b) Pea plants
c) Fruit flies
d) Bacteria
Answer: b) Pea plants
50. CBSE 2023: What happens in “evolution”?
a) Creation of new organisms
b) Gradual changes in organisms
c) Changes in genes
d) All
Answer: d) All
51. Which plant did Mendel use for his experiments?
a) Wheat
b) Pea
c) Rice
d) Corn
Answer: b) Pea
52. Why were all plants tall in the F₁ generation?
a) Tallness was dominant
b) Dwarfness was recessive
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None
Answer: c) Both (a) and (b)
53. If TT and tt plants are crossed, what will be the genotype of F₁ generation?
a) TT
b) tt
c) Tt
d) TTtt
Answer: c) Tt
54. In Mendel’s dihybrid cross, what was the phenotypic ratio in F₂ generation?
a) 3:1
b) 9:3:3:1
c) 1:2:1
d) 2:1
Answer: b) 9:3:3:1
55. Different forms of a gene are called:
a) Alleles
b) Chromosomes
c) DNA
d) RNA
Answer: a) Alleles
56. In humans, sex is determined by:
a) Mother
b) Father
c) Both
d) Environment
Answer: b) Father
57. What is the chromosomal structure in Klinefelter syndrome?
a) 44 + XX
b) 44 + XY
c) 44 + XXY
d) 44 + XO
Answer: c) 44 + XXY
58. What is the chromosomal structure in Turner syndrome?
a) 44 + XX
b) 44 + XY
c) 44 + XO
d) 44 + XXY
Answer: c) 44 + XO
59. Down syndrome is caused by:
a) Trisomy of chromosome 21
b) Extra X chromosome
c) Missing Y chromosome
d) Trisomy of chromosome 13
Answer: a) Trisomy of chromosome 21
60. How many chromosomes do humans normally have?
a) 44
b) 46
c) 23
d) 22
Answer: b) 46
61. Who proposed “Inheritance of Acquired Characters”?
a) Charles Darwin
b) Gregor Mendel
c) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
d) Hugo de Vries
Answer: c) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
62. Where did Darwin conduct his studies?
a) Amazon rainforest
b) Galapagos Islands
c) Himalayas
d) Sahara desert
Answer: b) Galapagos Islands
63. The principle of natural selection is associated with:
a) Mendel
b) Darwin
c) Lamarck
d) Pasteur
Answer: b) Darwin
64. “Survival of the Fittest” is related to:
a) Mutation
b) Natural selection
c) Acquired traits
d) Hybridization
Answer: b) Natural selection
65. Fossils are evidence of:
a) Heredity
b) Biological evolution
c) Mutation
d) Hybridization
Answer: b) Biological evolution
66. Human hand and bat wing are examples of:
a) Homologous organs
b) Analogous organs
c) Vestigial organs
d) Adaptation
Answer: a) Homologous organs
67. Bird wing and butterfly wing are examples of:
a) Homologous organs
b) Analogous organs
c) Vestigial organs
d) Adaptation
Answer: b) Analogous organs
68. Which is an example of a vestigial organ?
a) Human tailbone
b) Horse leg
c) Bat wing
d) Fish fin
Answer: a) Human tailbone
69. Whale flippers and human hands are examples of:
a) Homologous organs
b) Analogous organs
c) Vestigial organs
d) Adaptation
Answer: a) Homologous organs
70. Which is NOT an analogous organ?
a) Bird wing
b) Butterfly wing
c) Bat wing
d) Fish fin
Answer: d) Fish fin
71. What is mutation?
a) Change in genes
b) Change in chromosomes
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None
Answer: c) Both (a) and (b)
72. DDT resistance in mosquitoes is an example of:
a) Natural selection
b) Mutation
c) Adaptation
d) Hybridization
Answer: a) Natural selection
73. New traits in organisms arise due to:
a) Adaptation
b) Mutation
c) Hybridization
d) Reproduction
Answer: b) Mutation
74. Elephant’s long tusks are an example of:
a) Homologous organs
b) Vestigial organs
c) Adaptation
d) Mutation
Answer: c) Adaptation
75. Which is called a “living fossil”?
a) Dinosaur
b) Coelacanth
c) Trilobite
d) Dodo
Answer: b) Coelacanth
Note:
– These questions are based on previous years’ papers from CBSE, MP, UP, Bihar Boards, State Board and NCERT textbooks.
– Focus especially on Mendel’s laws, sex determination, evolutionary theories, homologous/analogous organs.
📚 Best of Luck! 🚀