NCERT BOOK CLASS 12TH BIOLOGY MCQ
CHAPTER 1 : Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Important multiple Questions (MCQs)
1. What is the main organ of sexual reproduction in flowering plants?
a) Root
b) Flower
c) Stem
d) Leaf
Answer: b) Flower
2. Where are male gametes produced?
a) Ovary
b) Anther
c) Stigma
d) Ovule
Answer: b) Anther
3. Where is the female gamete located?
a) Pollen grain
b) Ovule
c) Stamen
d) Thalamus
Answer: b) Ovule
4. What is produced in the anther?
a) Egg
b) Pollen grains
c) Fruit
d) Seed
Answer: b) Pollen grains
5. What is pollination?
a) Transfer of pollen grains to the stigma
b) Fertilization process
c) Formation of fruit
d) Seed germination
Answer: a) Transfer of pollen grains to the stigma
6. When does self-pollination occur?
a) When pollen grains move from one flower to another
b) When pollen grains land on the stigma of the same flower
c) When pollen grains are carried by animals
d) When pollen grains are dispersed by wind
Answer: b) When pollen grains land on the stigma of the same flower
7. In cross-pollination, where are pollen grains transferred?
a) From one flower to the stigma of another flower
b) Into the soil
c) Into water
d) Into the air
Answer: a) From one flower to the stigma of another flower
8. Which of the following is not an agent of cross-pollination?
a) Wind
b) Water
c) Insects
d) Root
Answer: d) Root
9. How does pollination occur in maize?
a) By insects
b) By wind
c) By water
d) By birds
Answer: b) By wind
10. What does the ovary develop into after fertilization?
a) Seed
b) Fruit
c) Flower
d) Pollen grain
Answer: b) Fruit
11. What does the ovule develop into after fertilization?
a) Fruit
b) Seed
c) Pollen grain
d) Stamen
Answer: b) Seed
12. In which plants is double fertilization found?
a) Gymnosperms
b) Angiosperms
c) Ferns
d) Algae
Answer: b) Angiosperms
13. How many sperms participate in double fertilization?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: b) 2
14. In double fertilization, what does one sperm fuse with the egg to form?
a) Embryo
b) Endosperm
c) Cotyledon
d) Fruit
Answer: a) Embryo
15. In double fertilization, what does the second sperm fuse with?
a) Egg
b) Polar nuclei
c) Synergids
d) Antipodal cells
Answer: b) Polar nuclei
16. What is the endosperm formed from?
a) Egg and sperm
b) Polar nuclei and sperm
c) Synergids and sperm
d) Antipodal cells and sperm
Answer: b) Polar nuclei and sperm
17. How many nuclei are involved in triple fusion?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
Answer: b) 3
18. What is apomixis?
a) Seed formation without fertilization
b) Double fertilization
c) Pollination process
d) Fruit formation process
Answer: a) Seed formation without fertilization
19. What is polyembryony?
a) One embryo per seed
b) Multiple embryos in one seed
c) Seeds without embryos
d) Fruits without seeds
Answer: b) Multiple embryos in one seed
20. Which plant exhibits polyembryony?
a) Mango
b) Wheat
c) Rice
d) Maize
Answer: a) Mango
21. In which part of the stamen are pollen grains produced?
a) Filament
b) Anther
c) Style
d) Stigma
Answer: b) Anther
22. On which part of the pistil do pollen grains germinate?
a) Ovary
b) Style
c) Stigma
d) Ovule
Answer: c) Stigma
23. Where is the pollen tube formed?
a) Inside the anther
b) From the stigma to the ovary
c) In the filament
d) In the thalamus
Answer: b) From the stigma to the ovary
24. Where does fertilization occur?
a) Anther
b) Ovule
c) Stigma
d) Filament
Answer: b) Ovule
25. Which of the following is not a type of pollination?
a) Self-pollination
b) Cross-pollination
c) Hydrophily
d) Photosynthesis
Answer: d) Photosynthesis
26. What is cleistogamy?
a) Pollination in open flowers
b) Self-pollination in closed flowers
c) Pollination by water
d) Pollination by insects
Answer: b) Self-pollination in closed flowers
27. Where are zoospores found?
a) Gymnosperms
b) Angiosperms
c) Algae
d) Ferns
Answer: c) Algae
28. Which of the following is not a pollinating agent?
a) Bat
b) Snail
c) Honeybee
d) Earthworm
Answer: d) Earthworm
29. Where is hydrophily found?
a) Wind-pollinated plants
b) Water-pollinated plants
c) Insect-pollinated plants
d) Bird-pollinated plants
Answer: b) Water-pollinated plants
30. Where is ornithophily found?
a) Pollination by birds
b) Pollination by bats
c) Pollination by insects
d) Pollination by wind
Answer: a) Pollination by birds
31. What is an anthophore?
a) The part of the flower that produces pollen
b) Elongation of the flower stalk
c) The colored part of the flower
d) The fragrance of the flower
Answer: b) Elongation of the flower stalk
32. Which of the following is an example of a unisexual flower?
a) Mustard
b) Maize
c) Rose
d) Lotus
Answer: b) Maize
33. In which plant is a bisexual flower found?
a) Papaya
b) Cucumber
c) Mustard
d) Maize
Answer: c) Mustard
34. What is protandry?
a) Maturation of stamens before pistils
b) Maturation of pistils before stamens
c) Closing of flowers
d) Opening of flowers
Answer: a) Maturation of stamens before pistils
35. What is heterostyly?
a) Different lengths of pistils and stamens
b) Both sexes in the same flower
c) Closing of flowers
d) Size of pollen grains
Answer: a) Different lengths of pistils and stamens
36. What causes self-incompatibility?
a) Pollen grains from the same plant fail to germinate
b) Pollen grains from different plants fail to germinate
c) No pollination occurs
d) No fertilization occurs
Answer: a) Pollen grains from the same plant fail to germinate
37. Where are antipodal cells found?
a) Pollen grain
b) Embryo sac
c) Stamen
d) Thalamus
Answer: b) Embryo sac
38. What is the role of synergids?
a) Guide the pollen tube
b) Produce pollen grains
c) Form fruits
d) Germinate seeds
Answer: a) Guide the pollen tube
39. What does the zygote develop into after fertilization?
a) Embryo
b) Endosperm
c) Cotyledon
d) Fruit
Answer: a) Embryo
40. What does the fertilized endosperm in the ovule form?
a) Nutritive tissue for the seed
b) Fruit
c) Flower
d) Root
Answer: a) Nutritive tissue for the seed
41. Which of the following is an example of a seedless fruit?
a) Banana
b) Mango
c) Apple
d) Grapes
Answer: a) Banana
42. What is parthenocarpy?
a) Fruit formation without fertilization
b) Double fertilization
c) Pollination
d) Seed formation
Answer: a) Fruit formation without fertilization
43. Which of the following is a parthenocarpic fruit?
a) Pineapple
b) Orange
c) Guava
d) Papaya
Answer: a) Pineapple
44. What is the significance of seed dispersal?
a) Expansion of plant species
b) Photosynthesis
c) Water absorption
d) Mineral absorption
Answer: a) Expansion of plant species
45. Which of the following is not an agent of seed dispersal?
a) Wind
b) Water
c) Animals
d) Soil
Answer: d) Soil
46. What is anemophily?
a) Pollination by wind
b) Pollination by water
c) Pollination by insects
d) Pollination by birds
Answer: a) Pollination by wind
47. What is entomophily?
a) Pollination by insects
b) Pollination by birds
c) Pollination by bats
d) Pollination by water
Answer: a) Pollination by insects
48. What is chiropterophily?
a) Pollination by bats
b) Pollination by birds
c) Pollination by insects
d) Pollination by wind
Answer: a) Pollination by bats
49. Which of the following is a characteristic of wind-pollinated flowers?
a) Large and colorful flowers
b) Light and sticky pollen grains
c) Small and lightweight pollen grains
d) Strong fragrance
Answer: c) Small and lightweight pollen grains
50. Which of the following is a characteristic of insect-pollinated flowers?
a) Large and colorful flowers
b) Lightweight pollen grains
c) Long stigma
d) Weak fragrance
Answer: a) Large and colorful flowers
51. What is the basic unit of sexual reproduction in flowering plants?
a) Stamen
b) Pistil
c) Flower
d) Ovule
Answer: c) Flower
52. How many nuclei are present in a pollen grain?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: b) 2 (Generative nucleus + Tube nucleus)
53. From which nucleus is the male gamete formed?
a) Generative nucleus
b) Tube nucleus
c) Polar nucleus
d) Synergid
Answer: a) Generative nucleus
54. What type of structure is the embryo sac?
a) Unicellular
b) Bicellular
c) 8-nucleate
d) Multicellular
Answer: c) 8-nucleate
55. How many egg cells are present in the embryo sac?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: a) 1
56. After fertilization, what does the zygote develop into?
a) Embryo
b) Endosperm
c) Seed coat
d) Pericarp
Answer: a) Embryo
57. In which plants does double fertilization occur?
a) Pteridophytes
b) Gymnosperms
c) Angiosperms
d) Bryophytes
Answer: c) Angiosperms
58. Where does pollen grain germination occur?
a) Inside the anther
b) On the stigma
c) On the filament
d) On the thalamus
Answer: b) On the stigma
59. Through which structure does the pollen tube grow?
a) Style
b) Stamen
c) Petal
d) Sepal
Answer: a) Style
60. Which of the following is a type of self-incompatibility?
a) Gametophytic
b) Sporophytic
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None
Answer: c) Both (a) and (b)
61. Which plant exhibits hydrophily?
a) Vallisneria
b) Rose
c) Mustard
d) Wheat
Answer: a) Vallisneria
62. Which of the following is a bird-pollinated flower?
a) Sunflower
b) Bougainvillea
c) Brodiaea
d) Rose
Answer: c) Brodiaea
63. Which of the following is a bat-pollinated flower?
a) Banana
b) Mango
c) Pumpkin
d) Guava
Answer: a) Banana
64. In which plant is polyembryony found?
a) Citrus
b) Wheat
c) Rice
d) Maize
Answer: a) Citrus
65. Where is apomixis found?
a) Grasses
b) Orchids
c) Roses
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
66. What is parthenogenesis?
a) Embryo formation without fertilization
b) Double fertilization
c) Pollination
d) Seed formation
Answer: a) Embryo formation without fertilization
67. Which of the following is a biological agent of seed dispersal?
a) Wind
b) Water
c) Animals
d) Gravity
Answer: c) Animals
68. Which of the following is an abiotic agent of seed dispersal?
a) Birds
b) Wind
c) Ants
d) Humans
Answer: b) Wind
69. Which of the following is not an example of seed dispersal?
a) Dandelion seeds dispersed by wind
b) Coconut dispersed by water
c) Burr fruits dispersed by animals
d) Leaf greening
Answer: d) Leaf greening
70. Which of the following is a method of seed dispersal?
a) Autochory (self-dispersal)
b) Anemochory (wind dispersal)
c) Hydrochory (water dispersal)
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
71. Which of the following is not a function of a flower?
a) Sexual reproduction
b) Pollination
c) Photosynthesis
d) Seed formation
Answer: c) Photosynthesis
72. Which of the following is not a part of a flower?
a) Sepal
b) Petal
c) Stamen
d) Root
Answer: d) Root
73. Which of the following is an accessory part of a flower?
a) Sepal
b) Petal
c) Stamen
d) Pistil
Answer: a) Sepal
74. Which of the following is a reproductive part of a flower?
a) Sepal
b) Petal
c) Stamen
d) Thalamus
Answer: c) Stamen
75. Which of the following is not a reproductive part of a flower?
a) Stamen
b) Pistil
c) Petal
d) Anther
Answer: c) Petal
These questions cover all key concepts from NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 1 and are useful for exam preparation. Let me know if you need any modifications!