NCERT BOOK CLASS 12TH BIOLOGY MCQ
Chapter 7 : Human Health and Diseases
Important MCQs with Answers
1. Which of these is an infectious disease?
a) Diabetes
b) Tuberculosis (TB)
c) Cancer
d) Hypertension
Answer: b) Tuberculosis (TB)
2. What causes AIDS?
a) Bacteria
b) Fungi
c) HIV virus
d) Protozoa
Answer: c) HIV virus
3. Malaria is transmitted by:
a) Female Anopheles mosquito
b) Female Culex mosquito
c) Spider
d) Tick
Answer: a) Female Anopheles mosquito
4. Plasmodium causes:
a) Dengue
b) Malaria
c) Typhoid
d) Cholera
Answer: b) Malaria
5. Which is NOT part of the immune system?
a) Lymph nodes
b) Liver
c) Spleen
d) Thymus
Answer: b) Liver
6. Vaccination involves administering:
a) Antibiotics
b) Weakened pathogens
c) Vitamins
d) Hormones
Answer: b) Weakened pathogens
7. Polio vaccine was developed by:
a) Louis Pasteur
b) Edward Jenner
c) Jonas Salk
d) Robert Koch
Answer: c) Jonas Salk
8. Antibodies are produced by:
a) RBCs
b) WBCs
c) Platelets
d) Neurons
Answer: b) WBCs
9. Which is NOT a protozoan disease?
a) Malaria
b) Amoebiasis
c) Typhoid
d) Kala-azar
Answer: c) Typhoid
10. Tuberculosis is caused by:
a) Salmonella typhi
b) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
c) Vibrio cholerae
d) Clostridium tetani
Answer: b) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
11. Dengue virus spreads via:
a) Aedes aegypti mosquito
b) Anopheles mosquito
c) Culex mosquito
d) Mansonia mosquito
Answer: a) Aedes aegypti mosquito
12. Which is an antibiotic?
a) Paracetamol
b) Penicillin
c) Aspirin
d) Insulin
Answer: b) Penicillin
13. Cancer is treated with:
a) Chemotherapy
b) Physiotherapy
c) Homeopathy
d) Acupuncture
Answer: a) Chemotherapy
14. Hepatitis affects the:
a) Heart
b) Liver
c) Lungs
d) Kidneys
Answer: b) Liver
15. Allergies are caused by:
a) Bacteria
b) Viruses
c) Histamine
d) Fungi
Answer: c) Histamine
16. Which is NOT an STD?
a) Syphilis
b) Gonorrhea
c) AIDS
d) Typhoid
Answer: d) Typhoid
17. Immunodeficiency means:
a) Overactive immune system
b) Weakened immune system
c) High blood sugar
d) Increased heart rate
Answer: b) Weakened immune system
18. Swine flu is caused by:
a) H1N1 virus
b) HIV
c) HBV
d) HPV
Answer: a) H1N1 virus
19. Salk vaccine prevents:
a) Polio
b) TB
c) Smallpox
d) Cholera
Answer: a) Polio
20. Leprosy is caused by:
a) Mycobacterium leprae
b) Treponema pallidum
c) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
d) Streptococcus pneumoniae
Answer: a) Mycobacterium leprae
21. Specific immunity is provided by:
a) Skin
b) Lymphatic system
c) Mucous membrane
d) Sweat
Answer: b) Lymphatic system
22. Interferon is:
a) An antibiotic
b) A hormone
c) Antiviral protein
d) A vitamin
Answer: c) Antiviral protein
23. Autoimmune diseases occur when:
a) Body attacks its own tissues
b) Bacteria enter the body
c) Viruses infect the body
d) Immune system weakens
Answer: a) Body attacks its own tissues
24. Antibiotics work against:
a) Viruses
b) Bacteria
c) Cancer cells
d) Fungi
Answer: b) Bacteria
25. An antigen is:
a) An enzyme
b) Foreign substance triggering immune response
c) A hormone
d) A vitamin
Answer: b) Foreign substance triggering immune response
26. AIDS is diagnosed by:
a) ELISA test
b) Blood sugar test
c) ECG
d) MRI
Answer: a) ELISA test
27. Hydrophobia is a symptom of:
a) Rabies
b) Tetanus
c) Malaria
d) Dengue
Answer: a) Rabies
28. Purpose of vaccines is to:
a) Treat disease
b) Develop immunity
c) Reduce pain
d) Control blood pressure
Answer: b) Develop immunity
29. Spleen functions to:
a) Filter blood
b) Produce insulin
c) Aid digestion
d) Secrete hormones
Answer: a) Filter blood
30. Malaria is treated with:
a) Chloroquine
b) Paracetamol
c) Penicillin
d) Insulin
Answer: a) Chloroquine
31. Tetanus is caused by:
a) Virus
b) Clostridium tetani
c) Protozoa
d) Fungi
Answer: b) Clostridium tetani
32. Primary lymphoid organ is:
a) Spleen
b) Thymus
c) Lymph node
d) Liver
Answer: b) Thymus
33. BCG vaccine prevents:
a) TB
b) Polio
c) Smallpox
d) Cholera
Answer: a) TB
34. Antibiotic resistance indicates:
a) Bacteria become drug-insensitive
b) Stronger immunity
c) Viruses are destroyed
d) Drug allergy develops
Answer: a) Bacteria become drug-insensitive
35. Histamine is secreted by:
a) Mast cells
b) RBCs
c) Neurons
d) Muscle cells
Answer: a) Mast cells
36. Swine flu symptoms include:
a) Fever, cough, headache
b) Jaundice
c) Skin rashes
d) Joint pain
Answer: a) Fever, cough, headache
37. HIV spreads through:
a) Infected blood
b) Mosquito bites
c) Air
d) Contaminated water
Answer: a) Infected blood
38. Influenza is caused by:
a) Bacteria
b) Virus
c) Fungi
d) Protozoa
Answer: b) Virus
39. Immunization means:
a) Treating symptoms
b) Developing resistance
c) Surgical treatment
d) Taking painkillers
Answer: b) Developing resistance
40. Typhoid is caused by:
a) Salmonella typhi
b) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
c) Vibrio cholerae
d) Clostridium tetani
Answer: a) Salmonella typhi
41. In allergies:
a) Immune system becomes hyperactive
b) Blood sugar rises
c) Heart rate slows
d) Digestion slows
Answer: a) Immune system becomes hyperactive
42. Chemotherapy is used for:
a) Cancer
b) TB
c) Malaria
d) Dengue
Answer: a) Cancer
43. Malaria parasite was discovered by:
a) Ronald Ross
b) Louis Pasteur
c) Robert Koch
d) Alexander Fleming
Answer: a) Ronald Ross
44. Antibodies are made of:
a) Carbohydrates
b) Proteins
c) Lipids
d) Nucleic acids
Answer: b) Proteins
45. Hepatitis B vaccine is given:
a) At birth
b) At age 5
c) At age 10
d) Only to adults
Answer: a) At birth
46. DPT vaccine protects against:
a) Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus
b) Polio, TB, cholera
c) Malaria, dengue, chikungunya
d) Measles, rubella, smallpox
Answer: a) Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus
47. Example of autoimmune disease:
a) Diabetes
b) Rheumatoid arthritis
c) TB
d) Malaria
Answer: b) Rheumatoid arthritis
48. A virus is:
a) A type of bacteria
b) Unicellular organism
c) Infectious particle of nucleic acid + protein
d) A type of fungus
Answer: c) Infectious particle of nucleic acid + protein
49. Body’s first line of defense is:
a) WBCs
b) Skin and mucous membranes
c) Antibodies
d) Lymph nodes
Answer: b) Skin and mucous membranes
50. Malaria parasite is called:
a) Plasmodium
b) Trypanosoma
c) Leishmania
d) Amoeba
Answer: a) Plasmodium
51. Vector-borne diseases spread via:
a) Viruses
b) Mosquitoes/flies
c) Contaminated water
d) Genetic factors
Answer: b) Mosquitoes/flies
52. Inborn errors relate to:
a) Infections
b) Genetic disorders
c) Nutritional issues
d) Pollution
Answer: b) Genetic disorders
53. AIDS treatment uses:
a) AZT (Zidovudine)
b) Paracetamol
c) Penicillin
d) Chloroquine
Answer: a) AZT (Zidovudine)
54. Anaphylaxis is:
a) A cancer type
b) Severe allergic reaction
c) Bacterial infection
d) Viral fever
Answer: b) Severe allergic reaction
55. Active immunization involves:
a) Giving ready antibodies
b) Stimulating body to make antibodies
c) Blood transfusion
d) Surgery
Answer: b) Stimulating body to make antibodies
56. Passive immunization example:
a) Vaccination
b) Breastfeeding
c) Antibiotics
d) Chemotherapy
Answer: b) Breastfeeding
57. Opsonin is:
a) A virus type
b) Antibody aiding phagocytosis
c) A bacterium
d) WBC
Answer: b) Antibody aiding phagocytosis
58. Interleukins are:
a) Immune system messenger molecules
b) Blood clotting proteins
c) Digestive enzymes
d) Hormones
Answer: a) Immune system messenger molecules
59. Monoclonal antibodies help in:
a) Disease diagnosis
b) Blood pressure measurement
c) Bone examination
d) Lung capacity testing
Answer: a) Disease diagnosis
60. Cytokine storm refers to:
a) Immune system overactivity
b) Bleeding
c) Nerve damage
d) Cardiac arrest
Answer: a) Immune system overactivity
61. Herd immunity means:
a) Majority population becomes immune
b) Everyone gets vaccinated
c) Disease is eradicated
d) All develop antibodies
Answer: a) Majority population becomes immune
62. Kawasaki disease affects:
a) Heart
b) Lungs
c) Liver
d) Kidneys
Answer: a) Heart
63. Scurvy results from deficiency of:
a) Vitamin C
b) Vitamin D
c) Vitamin B12
d) Vitamin K
Answer: a) Vitamin C
64. Gout is caused by accumulation of:
a) Uric acid
b) Lactic acid
c) Oxalic acid
d) Citric acid
Answer: a) Uric acid
65. Lyme disease is caused by:
a) Virus
b) Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria
c) Protozoa
d) Fungi
Answer: b) Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria
66. Antiretroviral therapy treats:
a) Malaria
b) AIDS
c) TB
d) Dengue
Answer: b) AIDS
67. Nosocomial infection is:
a) Hospital-acquired infection
b) Mosquito-borne infection
c) Foodborne infection
d) Animal-transmitted infection
Answer: a) Hospital-acquired infection
68. Zoonotic disease spreads via:
a) Animals to humans
b) Only among animals
c) Plants
d) Genetic factors
Answer: a) Animals to humans
69. Superantigen is:
a) Special antigen type
b) Special antibody
c) Substance overactivating immune system
d) Antiviral drug
Answer: c) Substance overactivating immune system
70. Adjuvant is:
a) Vaccine efficacy booster
b) Antibiotic
c) Painkiller
d) Vitamin
Answer: a) Vaccine efficacy booster
71. Mucosal immunity is found in:
a) Skin
b) Mucous membranes
c) Bones
d) Muscles
Answer: b) Mucous membranes
72. Immunosuppression means:
a) Suppressing immune system
b) Activating immune system
c) Increasing blood production
d) Boosting hormone production
Answer: a) Suppressing immune system
73. Phagocytosis is performed by:
a) Neutrophils
b) RBCs
c) Platelets
d) Nerve cells
Answer: a) Neutrophils
74. Types of hypersensitivity:
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
Answer: c) 4
75. HIV primarily infects:
a) CD4+ T cells
b) RBCs
c) Platelets
d) Nerve cells
Answer: a) CD4+ T cells
Disease-Related Full Forms
1. AIDS – Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
2. HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus
3. TB – Tuberculosis
4. BCG – Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (TB vaccine)
5. DPT – Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus (combined vaccine)
6. ELISA – Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (AIDS test)
7. H1N1 – Hemagglutinin Type 1, Neuraminidase Type 1 (Swine flu virus)
8. HBV – Hepatitis B Virus
9. HPV – Human Papillomavirus
10. AZT – Azidothymidine (AIDS drug)
11. WBC – White Blood Cell
12. RBC – Red Blood Cell
13. CD4+ T cells – Cluster of Differentiation 4+ T lymphocytes (HIV target)
14. STD – Sexually Transmitted Disease
15. ECG – Electrocardiogram
16. MRI – Magnetic Resonance Imaging
17. Ig – Immunoglobulin (Antibody)
18. IgE – Immunoglobulin E (Allergy-related antibody)
19. IL – Interleukin (e.g., IL-2, IL-6)
20. IFN – Interferon (e.g., IFN-α, IFN-γ)
21. ART – Antiretroviral Therapy (for AIDS)
22. CHEMO – Chemotherapy (Cancer treatment)
23. DPT – Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus vaccine
24. OPV – Oral Polio Vaccine
25. IPV – Inactivated Polio Vaccine
26. DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid
27. RNA – Ribonucleic Acid
28. mRNA – Messenger RNA (Used in COVID-19 vaccines)
29. PCR – Polymerase Chain Reaction (Diagnostic test)
30. MTB – Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB bacteria)
31. P. falciparum – Plasmodium falciparum (Malaria parasite)
32. V. cholerae – Vibrio cholerae (Cholera bacteria)
33. S. typhi – Salmonella typhi (Typhoid bacteria)
34. WHO – World Health Organization
35. NIH – National Institutes of Health
36. ICMR – Indian Council of Medical Research
37. CDC – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
38. OPV – Oral Polio Vaccine
39. IPV – Inactivated Polio Vaccine
40. IgG – Immunoglobulin G (Most common antibody)
41. IgM – Immunoglobulin M (First antibody produced in infection)
42. IgA – Immunoglobulin A (Found in mucous membranes)